Background: Uncertainty exists regarding the effects of pre-hospital (ambulance) initiated blood pressure (BP) lowering.
Aims: We initiated the INTEnsive ambulance-delivered blood pressure Reduction in hyper-Acute stroke Trial (INTERACT4) to determine the effectiveness and safety of intensive BP lowering in patients with suspected acute stroke.
Methods: An ongoing multi-centre, ambulance-delivered, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint trial of pre-hospital-initiated BP lowering in hypertensive patients with suspected acute stroke in regions of China. Patients are randomised through a mobile phone digital system to intensive (target systolic BP [SBP] <140mmHg within 30 min) or guideline-recommended BP management according to local protocols. Primary outcome is level of disability at 90 days, assessed by an ordinal analysis of the modified Rankin scale. The sample size was reduced from 3116 to 2320 in 2022 as the stroke mimic rate is lower than expected (6% vs. 30%).
Results: Between March 2020 and April 2023, 2053 patients were recruited: 45.0% intracerebral haemorrhage and 5.1% stroke mimic. Recruitment slowed during the COVID outbreak in 2022, and nearly stopped in Shanghai during the lockdown period, but has subsequently picked up such that we expect to reach the recruitment target in late 2023. The operation team faced travel restrictions due to COVID, resulting in entry delays and missing data, requiring a shift towards remote monitoring and online training. Good BP differences have been achieved between randomized groups, being greater in those with intracerebral haemorrhage without any safety concerns being noted.
Conclusions: As the largest ambulance trial in stroke, INTERACT4 will provide reliable evidence on the effectiveness and safety of very early intensive BP lowering in patients with suspected acute stroke.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03790800. Registered on 2 January 2019; Chinese Trial Registry ChiCTR1900020534. Registered on 7 January 2019.